ʻO nā dye cationic nā mea pena kūikawā no ka polyacrylonitrile fiber dyeing, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke kala ʻana i ka polyester i hoʻololi ʻia (CDP).I kēia lā, e kaʻana aku au i ka ʻike kumu o nā wai kala cationic.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kala cationic
1. Moolelo
ʻO nā dyes cationic kekahi o nā mea pena synthetic mua loa i hana ʻia.ʻO ka violet aniline i hana ʻia e WHPerkin ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1856 a ʻo ka violet aniani a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo malachite he mau cationic dyes.Ua ʻike mua ʻia kēia mau mea waihoʻoluʻu ma ke ʻano he mea pena, hiki ke hoʻoluli i nā fiber protein a me nā fiber cellulose i mālama ʻia me ka tannin a me ka tartar.Loaʻa iā lākou nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻālohilohi, akā ʻaʻole māmā, a ma hope i hoʻomohala ʻia e nā mea hoʻonani pololei a me nā mea pena wai.a me nā waiʻakika.
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana o ka hana ʻenehana o nā fibers acrylic i ka makahiki 1950, ua ʻike ʻia ma luna o nā fibers polyacrylonitrile, ʻaʻole wale ka pololei kiʻekiʻe a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻālohilohi nā mea pena, akā he ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka waihoʻoluʻu ma mua o ka protein fibers a me ka cellulose fibers.e hoala i ka manao o kanaka.I mea e hoʻololi hou aku ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fibers acrylic a me nā fibers synthetic ʻē aʻe, ua synthesized nā ʻano hou me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka polymethine structure, nitrogen-substituted polymethine structure a me pernalactam structure, etc., i lilo nā dyes cationic polyacrylonitrile.He papa o nā mea waihoʻoluʻu nui no ka hoʻoluʻu fiber.
2. Nā hiʻohiʻona:
Hoʻopuka nā mea hoʻonanea Cationic i nā ionona kala i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i loko o ka hopena, a hana i nā paʻakai me nā anion waikawa e like me ka chloride ion, pūʻulu acetate, pūʻulu phosphate, pūʻulu methyl sulfate, a pēlā aku, a laila e hoʻolulo ai i nā fibers polyacrylonitrile.I ka hoʻoluʻu maoli ʻana, hoʻohana mau ʻia kekahi mau kala cationic e hana i kahi kala kikoʻī.Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī ka hoʻoluli like ʻana o nā mea pena cationic e hoʻoluli like i ka māmā kala like, e hopena i ka mottled a me ka papa.No laila, i ka hana ʻana i nā dye cationic, ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ʻano a me ka nui, pono mākou e hoʻolohe pono i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻano kala;i mea e pale ai i ke kala, pono mākou e hoʻolohe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano like me ka pae maikaʻi, a e hoʻolohe pū i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka mahu o nā dyes cationic.a me ka māmā māmā.
ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā dyes cationic
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hui i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i loko o ka molekele cationic dye me ka ʻōnaehana conjugated ma kekahi ʻano, a laila hana i ka paʻakai me ka hui anionic.E like me ke kūlana o ka hui i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana conjugated, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā dyes cationic i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: isolated a conjugated.
1. Nā wai waihoʻoluʻu cationic kaʻawale
Hoʻopili ʻia ka mea hoʻokaʻawale cationic dye precursor a me ka hui i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ma o ka hui hoʻokaʻawale, a ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi i localized, e like me ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka hui ammonium quaternary ma ka hopena molekala o nā disperse dyes.Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e kēia ʻano hoʻohālike:
Ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā koina maikaʻi, ua maʻalahi ka hui pū ʻana me nā fibers, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pākēneka a me ka dyeing rate, akā ʻilihune ka pae.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, he pōʻeleʻele ka malu, he haʻahaʻa ka molar absorbance, a ʻaʻole ikaika ka malu, akā maikaʻi loa ka pale wela a me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, a me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ke kala ʻana i nā kala kala a me nā kala māmā.ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole:
2. Hoʻohui ʻia nā wai waihoʻoluʻu cationic
Hoʻopili pololei ʻia ka pūʻulu hoʻopaʻi maikaʻi o ka cationic dye conjugated i ka ʻōnaehana conjugated o ka wai, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka uku kūpono.ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o kēia ʻano kala ʻulaʻula a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka molar absorbance, akā ʻo kekahi mau ʻano he ʻano māmā māmā a me ka pale wela.Ma waena o nā ʻano i hoʻohana ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano conjugated ma mua o 90%.Nui nā ʻano like ʻole o ka conjugated cationic dyes, ʻo ka nui me nā triarylmethane, oxazine a me nā hale polymethine.
3. Nā wai waihoʻoluʻu cationic hou
1. Nā waihoʻoluʻu cationic migration
ʻO nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo migratory cationic dyes e pili ana i kahi papa o nā mea pena me ke ʻano maʻalahi, ke kaumaha molekala liʻiliʻi a me ka nui molekala, a me ka diffusivity maikaʻi a me ka hana pae ʻana, a ua lilo i kēia manawa i ʻāpana nui o nā dyes cationic.ʻO kāna mau pōmaikaʻi penei:
Loaʻa iā ia ka neʻe maikaʻi a me nā waiwai pae, a ʻaʻohe koho i nā fibers acrylic.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā māka like ʻole o nā fibers acrylic a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia o ke kala like ʻana o nā fibers acrylic.He liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka retarder (mai 2 a 3% a 0.1 a 0.5%), a hiki ke hoʻoula i ka kala hoʻokahi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka retarder, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o ke kala.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke kaʻina hana kala a hoʻopōkole loa i ka manawa kala mai (ʻo ka 45 a 90 mau minuke i 10 a 25 mau minuke).
2. ʻO nā mea hoʻonani cationic no ka hoʻololi ʻana:
I mea e hoʻololi ai i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻana o nā fiber synthetic i hoʻololi ʻia, ua nānā ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi pūʻulu o nā dyes cationic.He kūpono kēia mau hale no nā fiber polyester i hoʻololi ʻia.ʻO ka melemele ka mea nui i hui pū ʻia nā mea pena methine, ʻulaʻula ka triazole-based a i ʻole ka thiazole-based azo dyes a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā dyes azo, a ʻo ka polū ka thiazole-based azo a me ka azo.Oxazine kala.
3. E hoʻopuehu i nā wai kala cationic:
I mea e hoʻololi ai i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻana o nā fiber synthetic i hoʻololi ʻia, ua nānā ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi pūʻulu o nā dyes cationic.He kūpono kēia mau hale no nā fiber polyester i hoʻololi ʻia.ʻO ka melemele ka mea nui i hui pū ʻia nā mea pena methine, ʻulaʻula ka triazole-based a i ʻole ka thiazole-based azo dyes a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā dyes azo, a ʻo ka polū ka thiazole-based azo a me ka azo.Oxazine kala.
4. Nā wai waihoʻoluʻu cationic reactive:
He ʻano hou nā mea pena cationic reactive.Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka hui reactive i loko o ka conjugated a i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka dye mole, hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻano kala i nā waiwai kūikawā, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ka fiber i hui ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e mālama wale i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻālohilohi, akā hiki ke kala i nā ʻano fibers.
ʻO ka hā, ʻo nā waiwai o nā dyes cationic
1. Solubility:
Ua wehewehe ʻia nā pūʻulu alkyl hana paʻakai a me ka anionic i loko o ka molekele cationic dye e hoʻopili i ka solubility o ka wai.Eia kekahi, inā loaʻa nā pūhui anionic i loko o ke kala kala, e like me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe anionic a me nā dyes anionic, e hui pū lākou me nā dyes cationic e hana i nā precipitates.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoluʻu i ka huluhulu/nitrile, polyester/nitrile a me nā lole hui ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻauʻau hoʻokahi me nā mea waihoʻoluʻu cationic maʻamau a me ka waika, reactive a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, i ʻole e hiki mai ka ua.Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea hana anti-precipitation e hoʻoponopono i ia mau pilikia.
2. ʻIke i ka pH:
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, paʻa nā wai kala cationic i ka pae pH o 2.5 a 5.5.Ke haʻahaʻa ka pH waiwai, ua protonated ka pūʻulu amino i loko o ka mole kala, a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka pūʻulu hāʻawi electron i pūʻulu hoʻihoʻi electron, e hoʻololi i ke kala o ke kala;Hiki mai ka ua, ka ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole ka mae ʻana o ke kala.No ka laʻana, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā waikani oxazine i nā mea pena non-cationic i loko o kahi ʻano alkaline, kahi e nalowale ai ko lākou pili ʻana i nā fiber acrylic a ʻaʻole hiki ke kala ʻia.
3. Kaulike:
ʻO nā mea pena cationic kahi pili nui no nā fiber acrylic, a he maikaʻi ʻole ka hana neʻe ʻana i nā fibers, no laila paʻakikī ke kau ʻana i ke kala.He ʻokoʻa ka pili o nā kala ʻokoʻa no ka fiber hoʻokahi, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi kā lākou diffusion rate i loko o ka fiber.Ke hui pū ʻia nā mea pena me ka nui o ka hoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa ʻana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka waiho ʻana like ʻole i ka wā o ke kala ʻana.Ke hui pū ʻia nā mea pena me nā helu like, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ko lākou ʻano koʻikoʻi i loko o ka ʻauʻau wai, no laila e mau ke kala o ka huahana a ʻoi aku ka like o ke kala.Ua kapa ʻia ka hana ʻana o kēia hui ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā kala.
No ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana, hoʻohana ka poʻe i nā helu helu e hōʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā kala, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e like me ka waiwai K.Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻokahi pūʻulu o nā kala melemele a me ka polū, ua haku ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻulu me ʻelima mau kala me nā helu kala like ʻole, a he ʻelima mau waiwai kūpono (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), a me ka waiwai kūpono o ka wai. me ka nui loa o ka hooluu li'ili'i li'ili'i, 'ilihune ka ne'e a me ka pae o ka wai, a 'o ka wai me ka li'ili'i li'ili'i ka waiwai kūpono, a 'oi aku ka maika'i o ka ne'e a me ka pae o ka wai.ʻO ka peʻa e hoʻāʻo ʻia a me ke kala maʻamau e hoʻoluʻu ʻia i kēlā me kēia, a laila e loiloi ʻia ka hopena kala e hoʻoholo ai i ka waiwai kūpono o ka wai e hoʻāʻo ʻia.
Aia kekahi pilina ma waena o ka waiwai kūpono o nā mea kala a me ko lākou mau molekala.Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pūʻulu hydrophobic i loko o nā molekala kala, hoʻemi ka solubility o ka wai, piʻi ka pili o ka wai i ka fiber, piʻi ka nui o ke kala, hoʻemi ka waiwai kūpono, emi ka neʻe a me ka pae o ka fiber, a piʻi ka hāʻawi kala.ʻO kekahi mau pūʻulu i loko o ka mole kala e hana i nā pale steric ma muli o ka hoʻonohonoho geometric, e hōʻemi ana i ka pili o ka wai i nā fiber a hoʻonui i ka waiwai kūpono.
4. Māmā:
ʻO ka māmā māmā o nā mea kala e pili ana i kona ʻano molekala.ʻO ka pūʻulu cationic i loko o ka molekele cationic dye conjugated he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi.Hoʻohana maʻalahi ia mai ke kūlana o ka hui cationic ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana e ka ikehu māmā, a laila hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana chromophore holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻopau ʻia a mae.Triarylmethane conjugated ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka māmā māmā o ka oxazine, polymethine a me ka oxazine.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pūʻulu cationic i loko o ka molekele dye cationic i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka ʻōnaehana conjugated e ka hui loulou.ʻOiai inā e hoʻāla ʻia ma lalo o ka hana o ka ikehu māmā, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu i ka ʻōnaehana conjugated o ke kala, i mālama maikaʻi ʻia.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka māmā māmā ma mua o ke ʻano conjugated.
5. Heluhelu lōʻihi: Nā lole cationic
ʻO ka lole cationic he 100% polyester fabric, kahi i ulana ʻia mai ʻelua mau mea like ʻole polyester, akā aia i loko o ka fiber polyester i hoʻololi ʻia.ʻO kēia fiber polyester i hoʻololi ʻia a me ka fiber polyester maʻamau i waihoʻoluʻu me nā kala like ʻole a hoʻoluu ʻia ʻelua.ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu, hoʻokahi-manawa polyester dyeing, hoʻokahi-manawa cationic dyeing, hoʻohana maʻamau i ka cationic yarn ma ka ʻaoʻao warp, a me ka polyester yarn maʻamau i ka ʻaoʻao weft.Hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua kala like ʻole i ka wā e hoʻoluʻu ai: nā mea hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau no nā wili polyester, a me nā mea pena cationic no nā wili cationic (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo cationic dyes).Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā dyes cationic disperse), e loaʻa i ka hopena lole ka hopena ʻelua kala.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-21-2022