ʻO nā waiʻawaʻawa kuʻuna e pili ana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wai e loaʻa ana nā pūʻulu ʻakika i loko o ke ʻano o ka wai, i hoʻoluʻu pinepine ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana waikawa.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā wai waika
1. Ka mōʻaukala o nā wai waika:
I ka makahiki 1868, ua puka mai ka waiona waika triarylmethane waika mua loa, nona ka hiki ke hooluu ikaika akā maika'i ka wikiwiki;
I ka makahiki 1877, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka waiʻawaʻawa mua ʻulaʻula A i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kala hulu hipa, a ua hoʻoholo ʻia kona ʻano kumu;
**0 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hana ʻia nā wai waihoʻoluʻu ʻakika me ka hana anthraquinone, a ua ʻoi aku ka piha o kā lākou mau chromatograms;
Aia a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaneʻane haneli mau ʻano wai waihoʻoluʻu i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kala ʻana i ka hulu hipa, siliki, nylon a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
2. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā wai waika:
ʻO nā pūʻulu ʻakika i loko o nā wai waihoʻoluʻu ka mea maʻamau e nā pūʻulu ʻakika sulfonic (-SO3H), aia ma nā molekala kala i ke ʻano o nā paʻakai sodium sulfonic acid (-SO3Na), a ʻo kekahi mau mea waihoʻoluʻu he ʻakika me nā paʻakai sodium carboxylic acid (-COONa. ).hui.
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka hoʻoheheʻe wai maikaʻi, ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻālohilohi, chromatogram piha, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke ʻano o ka molekala ma mua o nā kala ʻē aʻe, ka nele o kahi ʻōnaehana coherent lōʻihi i loko o ka mole kala, a me ke kuhikuhi haʻahaʻa o ka wai.
3. ʻO ke ʻano hana o nā wai waika:
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā wai waika
1. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ke ʻano molekala o ka makua dye:
Azos (60%, laulaha ākea) Anthraquinones (20%, ka nui o ka uliuli a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo) Triarylmethanes (10%, poni, ʻōmaʻomaʻo) Heterocycles (10%, ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo) poni)
2. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka pH o ke kala ʻana:
ʻO ka waiʻawaʻawa wai waiʻauʻau ikaika: pH 2.5-4 no ke kala ʻana, maikaʻi māmā wikiwiki, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka pulu wikiwiki, ʻulaʻula ke kala, pae maikaʻi;Waika wai ʻauʻau palupalu: pH 4-5 no ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, ʻano molekala o ka waiʻona ʻO ka hapa o nā pūʻulu ʻakika sulfonic i loko o ka waena he haʻahaʻa iki, no laila ua ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pulu ma mua o ka ʻauʻau wai ikaika. nā kala, a ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka pae.ʻO nā wai wai ʻauʻau kūlohelohe: ʻO ka pH waiwai o ke kala ʻana he 6-7, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā pūʻulu ʻakika sulfonic i loko o ke ʻano molekole kala, haʻahaʻa ka solubility o ka wai, ʻilihune ka pae, ʻaʻole lawa ke kala, akā ʻo ka pulu. kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki.
Nā huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka wai waika
1. Ka wikiwiki kala:
Kūleʻa ke kala o nā textiles i nā hopena kino, kemika a me ka biochemical i ke kala a me ka hoʻopau ʻana a i ʻole ke kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.2. Ka hohonu maʻamau:
He pūʻulu o nā kūlana hohonu i ʻike ʻia e wehewehe i ka hohonu waena e like me ka 1/1 maʻamau hohonu.ʻO nā kala o ka hohonu maʻamau like ka psychologically equivalent, i hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wikiwiki o ke kala ma ke kumu like.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala ʻia i ʻeono mau hohonu maʻamau o 2/1, 1/1, 1/3, 1/6, 1/12 a me 1/25.3. Ka hohonu o ke kala:
Hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka o ka nui o ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka nui o ka fiber (ʻo ia hoʻi, OMF), ʻokoʻa ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai e like me nā aka like ʻole.4. Hoʻololi kala:
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka malu, ka hohonu a i ʻole ka nani o ke kala o kahi lole i hoʻoluʻu ʻia ma hope o kekahi lapaʻau ʻana, a i ʻole ka hopena hui o kēia mau hoʻololi.5. ʻAʻahu:
Ma hope o kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻololi ʻia ke kala o ka lole i hoʻoluʻu ʻia i ka lole lining e pili ana, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lole lining.6. Kāleka hōʻailona hina no ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana:
Ma ka ho'āʻo wikiwiki kala, ʻo ke kāleka hōʻailona hina maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka loiloi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wehe ʻana o ka mea i hoʻoluʻu ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kāleka hōʻailona discoloration.7. Kāleka laʻana hina no ka loiloi ʻana i ka ʻili ʻana:
I ka ho'āʻo wikiwiki kala, ʻo ke kāleka hina hina maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka loiloi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka mea i hoʻoluʻu ʻia i ka lole lining i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kāleka hōʻailona kala.8. Ka helu wikiwiki kala:
E like me ka ho'āʻo wikiwiki kala, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wehe ʻana o nā lole i hoʻoluʻu ʻia a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i nā lole kākoʻo, ua helu ʻia nā waiwai wikiwiki o ka textiles.Ma waho aʻe o ka māmā māmā o kaʻewalu (koe wale nō ka AATCC maʻamau māmā wikiwiki),ʻo ke koena heʻelima pae'ōnaehana,ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pae,ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wikiwiki.9. Lai lole:
I ka ho'āʻo wikiwiki kala, i mea e hoʻoholo ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka lole i hoʻoluʻu ʻia i nā fibers ʻē aʻe, ua mālama ʻia ka lole keʻokeʻo undyed me ka lole hoʻoluʻu.
ʻO ka hā, ka wikiwiki o ka waihoʻoluʻu maʻamau o nā wai waika
1. Ka wikiwiki i ka lā:
ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka kala i ka māmā, ka hiki o ke kala o nā textiles ke pale aku i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kukui artificial, ʻo ka maʻamau o ka nānā ʻana he ISO105 B02;
2. Ka wikiwiki o ka waihoʻoluʻu i ka holoi ʻana (ka hoʻokomo wai):
ʻO ke kū'ēʻana o ke kala o nā textiles i ka holoiʻana ma lalo o nāʻano likeʻole, e like me ISO105 C01C03E01, etc.;3. Ka wikiwiki o ke kala i ka hamo:
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kūpaʻa kala o nā textiles i ka hamo ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka hamo maloʻo a me ka pulu.4. Ka wikiwiki kala i ka wai chlorine:
ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka loko chlorine, hana maʻamau ia ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka neʻe o ka chlorine i nā loko ʻauʻau.ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka chlorine discoloration o ka lole, e like me ke kūpono no nā lole ʻauʻau nylon, ʻo ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana ʻo ISO105 E03 (50ppm kūpono chlorine content);5. Ka hikiwawe kala i ka hou.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana o ke kala o ka textiles i ka hou o ke kanaka i ka waikawa a me ka alkali perspiration fastness e like me ka acidity a me ka alkalinity o ka hou hoʻāʻo.Ho'āʻo pinepine ʻia ka lole i hoʻoluʻu ʻia me ka wai waika no ka wikiwiki o ka hou ʻana o ka alkaline.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-21-2022